What is a service animal?
Under the ADA, it is generally a dog individually trained to do work or perform tasks for a person with a disability. In some cases, separately defined provisions apply to miniature horses.
Important: documents are not required by the ADA
Under the ADA, a service animal does not need certification, registration, an ID card, or a vest. A private document does not create access rights or replace applicable local dog licensing and vaccination rules. Read the U.S. Department of Justice FAQ.
Know the basics
What is not covered?
Comfort, therapy, emotional-support, and companion animals are not service animals under the ADA solely because they provide emotional support. Other laws may apply in particular settings.
Handler responsibilities
Handlers remain responsible for care, supervision, and control of their animals, along with generally applicable local licensing and vaccination requirements.
For businesses and public-facing staff
When the service an animal provides is not apparent, ADA-covered entities may ask only:
- Is the animal required because of a disability?
- What work or task has the animal been trained to perform?
They may not request documentation, ask about the person’s disability, require a demonstration, or charge a service-animal surcharge. Access rules can vary by setting and state or local law, so use official guidance for the situation at hand.
Common questions
Does a vest prove an animal is a service animal?
No. The ADA does not require a vest, ID tag, or special harness. A vest alone does not determine whether an animal meets the ADA definition.
Can a business exclude a service animal?
In limited circumstances, including when an animal is out of control and the handler does not regain control, or when it is not housebroken. The person must still be offered access without the animal when appropriate.
Where can I get help with a specific situation?
Use the official resources below or consult a qualified local professional. This site provides general education, not legal advice.